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1. The Stone Age:

The Stone Age began 500,000 to 200,000 years ago and recent finds in Tamil Nadu (at C. 75000 years ago, before and after the explosion of the Toba Volcano) indicate the presence of the first anatomically humans in the area. Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back to two million years have been discovered in the Northwestern part of the country.

2. The Bronze Age:

The Bronze Age in the Indian subcontinent dates back to around 3300 BCE with the early Indus Valley Civilization. Historically part of ancient India, it is one of the world’s earliest, urban civilizations, along with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Inhabitants of this era developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft and produced copper, bronze, lead and tin.

This period saw the second major rise in urbanization in India after the Indus valley Civilization. The word “maha” means great and the word “janapada” means foothold of a tribe. In the later Vedic Age a number of small kingdoms or city states had mushroomed across the subcontinent and also find mention in early Buddhist and Jain literature as far back as 1000 BCE. By 500 BCE, sixteen “republics” or Mahajanapadas has been established, namely; Kasi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji),Malla, Chedi, Vatsa (or Vamsa), Kuru, Panchala, Matsya, Surasena, Assaka, Avanti,Gandhara, and Kamboja

Much of the Northwest subcontinent (currently Afghanistan and Pakistan) came under the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire in C. 520 BCE under the rule of Darius the Great and remained so for two centuries. In 326 BCE, Alexander not so Great reached the Northwest frontier of the Indian subcontinent.  But got defeated from King porus

The Maurya Empire, ruled by the Mauryan Dynasty from 322-185 BCE was a geographically extensive and mighty political and military empire in ancient India, established in the subcontinent by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (present day Bihar) and was it further thrived under Ashoka the Great.

Guptas, emerged in the fourth century to take the Kushans’ place.  Its founder, Chandra Gupta I, brought Northern India under his rule while states in the Deccan and Sri Lanka agreed to become the Guptas’ vassals.Th e Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in the world. It was ruled by members of the Gupta dynasty from around 320 to 600 CE and covered most of Northern India, the region presently in the nation of Pakistan and what is now western India and Bangladesh.

The Gupta period is seen as a golden age of Indian culture. Indian astronomers came up with the idea of a round earth rotating on its axis.  Indian mathematicians developed such concepts as Pi, negative numbers, a decimal system with place value digits, zero, and quadratic equations. In literature, India’s two greatest epic poems, the Ramayana, and Mahabharata, which itself contains possibly the most revered work in Indian literature, the Bhagavad Gita, were written down in their final forms. India’s greatest playwright, Kalidasa, flourished at this time.  Unlike Greek drama, the point of Indian drama is to delight the audience and leave it with a serene and peaceful feeling.  Both Buddhist and the emerging Hindu art and architecture also thrived.  Once again, Greek influence can still be seen in the simplicity and serenity of Buddhist art.  Hindu temples were modeled after caves, which Indians always considered sacred and were decorated with sculptures.During this time, a major shift took place in the religious climate of India.  The Guptas, like many rulers before them, had been active supporters of Buddhism.  This, and their popularity among the rich middle classes, led to large contributions to Buddhist monasteries, which became quite wealthy.

From the 16th century, European powers such as Portugal, Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom established trading posts in India. Later, they took advantage of internal conflicts and established colonies in the country.

1. The British Rule:
   The British Rule in India began with the coming of the British East India Company in 1600 and continued till Indian independence from British rule in 1947.
2. Independence and Partition:
   Religious tension between the Hindus and Muslims had been brewing over the years, especially in provinces like Punjab and Bengal. The Muslims were a minority and they did not feel secure in the prospect of an exclusively Hindu government and hence made them wary of independence. All through this Mahatama Gandhi called for unity among the two religious groups. The British, whose economy had been weakened after World War 2, decided to leave India and participated in the formation of an interim government. The British Indian territories gained independence in 1947, after being partitioned into the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.

1. Research Work by the Author

      1.      The North West India of 2^nd Century BC: The research thesis on the history of the north Western Regions of the India Subcontinent by Late Dr Mehta Vasishtha Dev Mohan is an attempt to revive the glorious past of India. As we all are aware that in the early year of this century , our country was invaded by the Greek Rulers of Bactria. The administration of the later Mauryas crumbled and the Sungas emerged as new force. This work undertakes to study among various other things, the political conditions prevailing the eve of the Indo Greek invasion, the nature of India forces – the mauryas and subsequently the Sungas-and the out come of this struggle. The author has investigated the history of the republican Tribes of the North West and of the later Mauryas in this contribution. The latter investigation is based on literary and epigraphical notices fr0om Panini ( 5^th century BC) to Samudragup

2. Indo Greek Coins: Old Coins rank among the best and most reliable data to rewrite the Ancient History of India. The Indo Greek Princes were the earliest Rulers who issued inscribed Coins/Cast Coins in India. The Chief merit of this book is that it reviews all that was done on the subject of Ancient Indian History 2^nd  Century BC by previous Scholars

3.  Indian Inscriptions – Four Volumes (Second Century BC to Sixth Century AD) Archaeological  Discoveries during post partition period provided authentic sources and materials to reconstruct the early History of India based on evidences. Extensive research work from the period Second Century BC to Sixth Century AD   was carried out by the Author just prior to his death on 12 Sep 2003.  We are in the process of building this site