Maharishi Panini

Written by Alok Mohan on March 6, 2023. Posted in Uncategorized

महर्षि पाणिनि
महर्षि पाणिनि, लौकिक संस्कृत भाषा का व्याकरण शास्त्री था इसका काल 500 ई0 पूर्व है। पाणिनि के गुरु का नाम उपवर्ष पिता का नाम पणिन और माता का नाम दाक्षी था। पाणिनि जब बड़े हुए तो उन्होंने व्याकरणशास्त्र का गहरा अध्ययन किया।
पणिन नामक ऋषि का पुत्र पिंगल (छन्द शास्त्र का रचयिता) का बड़ा भाई पाणिनि का मामा व्याकरण आचार्य “व्याडि” था। इसका निवास स्थान अफगानिस्तान की सीमा पर ‘शलातु ग्राम आधुनिक ‘लाहुर’ है। इसका जन्म स्थान वाल्हीक प्रदेश भी माना जाता है। डा० वासुदेव शरण अग्रवाल के अनुसार इसका काल 480-410 ई0 पूर्व है।
कुछ इतिहासकारों के अनुसार इनका  जन्म नेपाल के वर्तमान राज्य में अरघाखांची जिले के पनेना गांव में हुआ था। उनका जन्म इसी गांव में हुआ था, इसलिए इस गांव का नाम पाणिनि के नाम पर पड़ा ! पणिन नामक ऋषि का पुत्र पिंगल (छन्द शास्त्र का रचयिता) का बड़ा भाई पाणिनि का मामा व्याकरण आचार्य “व्याडि” था। इसका निवास स्थान अफगानिस्तान की सीमा पर ‘शलातु ग्राम आधुनिक ‘लाहुर’ है। इसका जन्म स्थान वाल्हीक प्रदेश भी माना जाता है। डा० वासुदेव शरण अग्रवाल के अनुसार इसका काल 480-410 ई0 पूर्व है।
पाणिनि ने अपनी ‘अष्टाध्यायी’ की रचना गणपाठ, धातृपाठ, उणादि, लिंगानुशान तथा फिटसूत्र ये ग्रंथों का आधार ले कर की है । उच्चारण-शास्त्र के लिये अष्टाध्यायी के साथ शिक्षा ग्रंथों के पठन-पाठन की भी आवश्यकता रहती है । पाणिनि प्रणीत व्याकरणशास्त्र में इन सभी विषयों का समावेश होता है !
कुछ और  इतिहासकारों  के अनुसार इनका जन्म तत्कालीन उत्तर पश्चिम भारत के गांधार में हुआ था।   पाणिनि का जन्म शलातुर नामक ग्राम में हुआ था। जहाँ काबुल नदी सिंधु में मिली है उस संगम से कुछ मील दूर यह गाँव था। उसे अब लहुर कहते हैं। अपने जन्मस्थान के अनुसार पाणिनि शालातुरीय भी कहे गए हैं।
महर्षी पाणिनी कि मृत्यु बाघ के द्वारा हुइ थी। बाघ को सामने देखकर वह वाघ्र शब्द की धातु और व्युत्पत्ती के विषय मे विचार करने लगे और भागे नही पर होनी ने उस दिन कुछ और ही सोच रखा था।संस्कृत भाषा को व्याकरण सम्मत रूप देने में पाणिनि का योगदान अतुलनीय माना जाता है। इनके व्याकरण का नाम अष्टाध्यायी है ! अष्टाध्यायी मात्र व्याकरण ग्रंथ नहीं है। इसमें प्रकारांतर से तत्कालीन भारतीय समाज का पूरा चित्र मिलता है। उस समय के भूगोल, सामाजिक, आर्थिक, शिक्षा और राजनीतिक जीवन, दार्शनिक चिंतन, ख़ान-पान, रहन-सहन आदि के प्रसंग स्थान-स्थान पर अंकित हैं। पाणिनि से पहले शब्दविद्या के अनेक आचार्य हो चुके थे। उनके ग्रंथों को पढ़कर और उनके परस्पर भेदों को देखकर पाणिनि के मन में वह विचार आया कि उन्हें व्याकरणशास्त्र को व्यवस्थित करना चाहिए। पहले तो पाणिनि से पूर्व वैदिक संहिताओं, शाखाओं, ब्राह्मण, आरण्यक, उपनिषद् आदि का जो विस्तार हो चुका था उस वाङ्मय से उन्होंने अपने लिये शब्दसामग्री ली जिसका उन्होंने अष्टाध्यायी में उपयोग किया है। दूसरे निरुक्त और व्याकरण की जो सामग्री पहले से थी उसका उन्होंने संग्रह और सूक्ष्म अध्ययन किया। इसका प्रमाण भी अष्टाध्यायी में है, जैसा शाकटायन, शाकल्य, भारद्वाज, गार्ग्य, सेनक, आपिशलि, गालब और स्फोटायन आदि आचार्यों के मतों के उल्लेख से ज्ञात होता है।

English Translation 

Maharishi Panini: He was a grammarian of  Sanskrit language, during the period close to 500 BC.
Panini’s teacher’s name was Upavarsha, father’s name was Panin and mother’s name was Dakshi. When Panini grew up, he made a deep study of Sanskrit grammar. Panini’s maternal uncle was Acharya “Vyadi”, the elder brother of Pingal (the author of Chanda Shastra), the son of a sage named Panin. His residence was ‘Shalatu Village Modern’ Lahore on the border of Afghanistan. His birth place is also considered as Valhik region. According to Dr. Vasudev Sharan Agarwal, this period was 480-410 BC.
According to some other historians, Panini was born in Panena village of Arghakhanchi district in the present state of Nepal. He was born in this village, hence the name of this village was named after Panini.
Panini is also called Lahur. or Shalaturia. He had composed his ‘Ashtadhyayi’ by taking the basis of these texts, Ganapath, Dhatripatha, Unadi, Linganushan and Fitsutra. Along with Ashtadhyayi, there is also a need for reading and studying of educational texts for pronunciation. All these subjects are included in Panini, the Pranit grammar. According to some other historians, he was born in Gandhara of the North West India. Panini was born in a village named Shalathur. This village was a few miles away from the confluence where the Kabul river joins the Indus. Now it is called Lahur. Panini is also called Shalaturia, according to his birthplace. Maharishi Panini was killed by a tiger. Seeing the tiger in front, he started thinking about the etymology of the word tiger and did not run away. Panini’s contribution in improving Sanskrit language, in a grammatical form is considered incomparable. The name of his grammar is Ashtadhyayi. Ashtadhyayi is not just a grammar book. In this, a complete picture of the then Indian society is found. Contexts of geography, social, economic, education and political life, philosophical thinking, food and living etc. of that time are mentioned at various places. Before Panini, there were many masters of vocabulary. After reading their texts and seeing their mutual differences, Panini got the idea that he should systematize grammar. Firstly, from the expansion of Vedic Samhitas, Shakhas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads etc. He undertook the job of improving vocabulary, himself, which he had used in Ashtadhyayi. He collected and minutely studied the material of second Nirukta and grammar which was already there. Ashtadhyayi, contains adequate evidence, in the form of views of Acharyas like Shaktayana, Shakalya, Bharadvaja, Gargya, Senak, Apishali, Galab and Sphotayana.

Alok Mohan

The admin, Alok Mohan, is a graduate mechanical engineer & possess following post graduate specializations:- M Tech Mechanical Engineering Production Engineering Marine engineering Aeronautical Engineering Computer Sciences Software Engineering Specialization He has authored several articles/papers, which are published in various websites & books. Studium Press India Ltd has published one of his latest contributions “Standardization of Education” as a senior author in a book along with many other famous writers of international repute. Alok Mohan has held important positions in both Govt & Private organisations as a Senior professional & as an Engineer & possess close to four decades accomplished experience. As an aeronautical engineer, he ensured accident incident free flying. As leader of indian team during early 1990s, he had successfully ensured smooth induction of Chukar III PTA with Indian navy as well as conduct of operational training. As an aeronautical engineer, he was instrumental in establishing major aircraft maintenance & repair facilities. He is a QMS, EMS & HSE consultant. He provides consultancy to business organisations for implimentation of the requirements of ISO 45001 OH & S, ISO 14001 EMS & ISO 9001 QMS, AS 9100, AS9120 Aero Space Standards. He is a qualified ISO 9001 QMS, ISO 14001 EMS, ISO 45001 OH & S Lead Auditor (CQI/IRCA recognised certification courses) & HSE Consultant. He is a qualified Zed Master Trainer & Zed Assessor. He has thorough knowledge of six sigma quality concepts & has also been awarded industry 4, certificate from the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation Knowledge Hub Training Platform  He is a Trainer, a Counselor, an Advisor and a Competent professional of cross functional exposures. He has successfully implimented requirements of various international management system standards in several organizations. He is a dedicated technocrat with expertise in Quality Assurance & Quality Control, Facility Management, General Administration, Marketing, Security, Training, Administration etc. He is a graduate mechanical engineer with specialization in aeronautical engineering. He is always eager to be involved in imparting training, implementing new ideas and improving existing processes by utilizing his vast experience.